Prostitution in the Victorian Era Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

Prostitution in the Victorian Era There were numerous whores during the Victorian period. Most were lower-class ladies, except for the fancy women kept by high society men. As indicated by Victorian norms, decent ladies didn't consider sex pleasurable. It was their obligation to get physically involved with their spouses. Having illicit relationships was dishonorable (Waters). Whores, then again, were explicitly personal with men since they delighted in sex. Men delighted in whores since they couldn't make the most of their spouses. Victorian gentility was not characterized by sexual joy, while Victorian manliness was characterized by sexual delight and triumph.  Whores didn't really â€Å"enjoy† their sexual experiences with men, as Victorians would in general accept. Prostitution was their endurance. Lower-class ladies didn't become whores since they needed to. They became whores since they had no substitute decision for endurance. There were not many choices that permitted ladies to live off her own salary rather than her family’s pay, and once she e...

The Americas to 1500 Essay -- essays papers

THE AMERICAS TO 1500 I. Strategy in the History This period, which manages the world the Indians knew before the appearance of European pioneers, presents challenges streaming for the most part from the absence of the standard evidentiary establishment for doing history: composed reports (for instance, letters, discourses, bargains, constitutions, laws, books, papers, magazines, chronological registries). This need not be a significant hindrance to chronicled study, be that as it may. In fact, one of the most significant things we can achieve in encouraging this period is contriving approaches to give understudies a feeling of the range of strategies that history specialists use to explore and comprehend the past. We can give understudies a feeling of the expansiveness and profundity of the history specialist's assignment and the noteworthy cluster of devices and strategies accessible to the student of history to get some answers concerning the past. In looking to comprehend the primary people who settled North and South America either 15,000 or 40,000 years prior (the dates involve enthusiastic recorded contest), students of history utilize a few or the entirety of the accompanying: archaic exploration (burrows for antiques, assessments of entombment locales, close investigation of old developments, for example, the precipice residences of the western United States, or the hills left by the hill manufacturer people groups of the southeastern United States); similar religion and fables - the investigation of creation fantasies, legends, and folktales told by Indian people groups; medication - following such organic factors as human bloodtypes to show how various people groups (the Aztec, the Comanche, the Seminole, the Kwakiutl) may well share a typical heritage, or contemplating the contrasting reactions of Indian and European people groups to illnesses to represent how contact between the way of life sometimes demonstrated deadly to the indigenous culture; geography, climatology, and environment - to recreate the land as the Indians discovered it, to recognize the manners in which they lived off the land and in amicability with it, and to give a premise to corr elation among Indian and European understandings of the connection between individuals and the regular world; semantics - to follow the inceptions and advancement of Indian dialects and the lineage of Indian language families; human studies - to recognize shared social components and social differentiations between Indian people groups; and even ordinary methods of history - e.g., close translation of such histo... ..., and that mechanical bits of knowledge, for example, the wheel are not inescapable.) Indian economies were molded by their topography, atmosphere, and environment. As noted over, some Indian people groups were principally trackers and slow eaters, while others were fundamentally horticultural, and still others had perplexing, modern, and fruitful blended economies that equaled European financial frameworks. One final point: Again, every one of these zones stay questionable in the extraordinary, ensnaring as they do such debates as whether Indian people groups seem to be crude and whether the idea of crude is valuable or even proper in examining an alternate people's way of life and lifestyle. Further, as we find in paper II, an entangling factor in the investigation of the Americas before the appearance of European voyagers and pilgrims is the way to go - generally flowed and examined during the 500the commemoration of Columbus' appearance in the New World - that the Europeans confiscated the legitimate occupants of these landmasses, and that all later American human progress and history, anyway striking and respectable its accomplishments and beliefs, depends on a titanic arrangement of demonstrations of seizure, extortion , and massacre.

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week How Do MBA Alumni Rate Their Education

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week How Do MBA Alumni Rate Their Education Although quantifying a school’s profile certainly does not tell you everything, it can sometimes be helpful in simplifying the many differences between the various MBA programs. Each week, we bring you a chart to help you decide which of the schools’ strengths speak to you. “Business school alumni rise fast in the workplace and have high levels of job satisfaction,” reports the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC). That conclusion derives from a summary report of the council’s “2015 Alumni Perspectives Survey,” released earlier this month, which includes data culled from more than 12,000 business school alumni from the classes of 1959 through 2014 and representing more than 230 programs around the world. This is perhaps the most comprehensive account of life after business school available. In addition to showing industry and job function data for this hugely diverse swath of alumni, the findings of the report detail graduate satisfaction, entrepreneurial behavior, and career outcomes, highlighting which aspects of the educational experience alumni have valued most in their professional pursuits. Although much has changed over the past half century of management education, a clear consensus emerges from GMAC’s survey: business school graduates, by and large, seem generally satisfied with the contribution their degree has made in advancing their career. In this week’s chart, we offer a snapshot of how the full-time, two-year MBA alumni GMAC surveyed said they would rate their business school experience. Share ThisTweet B-School Charts

Marlow and Kurtz in Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay

Marlow and Kurtz in Heart of Darkness Conrad’s novel, Heart of Darkness revolves around the enigmatic character of Kurtz, a renegade that has split from the authority and control of his organization, that wants to put a stop to his extreme measures and unsound methods (Coppola, 1979; Longman, 2000). As a result of Kurtz actions, the character of Marlow is sent to retrieve Kurtz from the desolate outback and as the reader we are lead through the involvement of a tension-building journey up the great river Congo. Along the way, Marlow is given bits of information about Kurtzs actions and finds that he himself identifies with, and becoming somewhat fond of the man. Their relationship and ending moments helps to bring about a†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, Kurtz abandons the pretense of helping the natives achieve civilization, as displayed by the Europeans. He instead adopts their customs and becomes their leader, and they his servants in the never-ending quest for ivory, He began with the argument that we whites, from the point of development we had arrived at, must necessarily appear to them [savages] in the nature of the supernatural beings- we approach them with the might as of a deity (Longman, 2000, p. 2226). Furthermore Marlow also admires Kurtz resourcefulness and survival skills, especially when he is shown to have not died from fever, The wilderness had patted him on the head....it had taken him, loved him, embraced him, got into his veins, consumed his flesh, and sealed his soul to its own by the inconceivable ceremonies of some devilish initiation. He was its spoiled and pampered favorite. (Longman, 2000, p. 2225). When the boat is just short of Kurtzs outpost, it is attacked by the local natives- the siege ended up being benign, and Marlow the only one to realize this and keep his head, and the boat from running aground. This, coupled with Marlows resourcefulness in refurbishing the scuttled steamboat and his lack of involvement in the power struggles of the stations, as well as his refusal to condemn Kurtz based onShow MoreRelated Heart of Darkness Versus Apocalypse Now: The Death of Kurtz Essay816 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Darkness Versus Apocalypse Now: The Death of Kurtz Joseph Conrad wrote Heart of Darkness to disguise his disapproval of European imperialism in the Congo. He describes the chaos and savagery found in the Congo to convince Europeans that they should stay out of Africa. Francis Ford Coppola made Apocalypse Now to disguise his disapproval of American involvement in Vietnam. He depicts the merciless slaughter of countless Vietnamese to show Americans that the United States does more harmRead More moralhod Relative Morality in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1511 Words   |  7 PagesRelative Morality in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚   It has been well documented by critics that modernist literature departs from the blind acceptance of beliefs, religious beliefs in particular, evident in literature of prior periods (Abrams 1).   As Jump notes [...] the modern western world is less sure of its values than most previous cultures with which we are familiar; relativism and subjectivity are facts of everyday experience (15).   Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness is no exception.   TheRead MoreEssay on Hearts of Darkness: Post Colonialism850 Words   |  4 PagesWrite a critique of Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, based on your reading about post-colonialism and discussing Conrads view of African culture as other. What would someone from Africa think about this work? Heart of Darkness starts out in London and also ends there as well. Most of the story takes place in the Congo which is now known as the Republic of the Congo. Heart of Darkness was essentially a transitional novel between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. During the nineteenthRead More Symbols and Symbolism in Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay789 Words   |  4 Pages Symbols and Symbolism in Conrads Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Symbolism has long been a tool of the storyteller, finding its origins in the folklore of our earliest civilizations. In more recent years, however, symbolism has taken on a new role, forming the skeleton upon which the storyteller builds the tales of his or hers thoughts and adventures. Knowing the power of this element, Joseph Conrad uses symbols to help the reader explore dark interiors of men. The symbolsRead MoreEssay about Heart of Darkness1745 Words   |  7 Pagesdepth review of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, a classical novella that illustrates without bias the motives behind human intentions and the extremes individuals can go to achieve wealth and profits at the expense of others with the aim of shedding insight into the rise of European imperialism, the imperial history, its politics and evil activities in the colonized African tribes along the river Congo during the eighteenth and nineteenth century. The Heart of Darkness is an exceptionally figurativeRead More Light and Dark of Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness1542 Words   |  7 PagesThe Light and Dark of Colonialism Exposed in Heart of Darkness       In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad, challenges a dominant view by exposing the evil nature and the darkness associated with the colonialist ventures. It is expressed by Marlow as robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at it blind - as it is very proper for those who tackle a darkness. The European colonialists are portrayed as blind lightbearers, people having a faà §ade of progress and cultureRead More The Role of Marlow as Narrator in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1481 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Marlow as Narrator in Heart of Darkness  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Whether Marlow is, or is not, Conrad has been discussed extensively. Clearly, Marlow is both, at the same time that he is neither. Heart of Darkness is not, then, Marlows story exclusively. And if we examine it for a moment as the creation of the nameless member of Marlows audience, it takes on a different coloration. The narrators inclusion of Marlows story within his point of view appears as a deliberate attempt on his partRead MoreLight and Dark in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesLight and Dark in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Joseph Conrads novel, Heart of Darkness, was written to explore the soul of man. If the book is viewed only superficially, a tragic story of the African jungle is seen, but when examined closely, a deeper meaning arises. Through his narrator Marlow, Conrad uses the theme of light and dark to contrast the civilized with the savage.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through the individual characters, Conrad creates the division between dark and light and blackRead MoreEssay on Conrad’s usage of imagery in the - Heart of Darkness -1640 Words   |  7 PagesConrad’s usage of imagery in the - Heart of Darkness - Aristotle, a famous Greek philosopher, said that the aim of art is to represent not the outward appearance of things, but their inward significance. If that is the case, then Joseph Conrad is a true artist regarding the pictures he paints with his words. Conrads most effective literary tool for plot development and expressing the theme is his use of imagery. Karl, a noted critic, explains this technique that Conrad uses. â€Å"The scenesRead More The Evil of Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad1559 Words   |  7 PagesColonialism in Heart of Darkness   Ã‚  Ã‚   A masterpiece of twentieth-century writing, Heart of Darkness exposes the tenuous fabric that holds civilization together and the brutal horror at the center of European colonialism. Joseph Conrads novella, Heart of Darkness, describes a life-altering journey that the protagonist, Marlow, experiences in the African Congo.   The story explores the historical period of colonialism in Africa to exemplify Marlows struggles. Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness is most

Islamic Banking And Its Principles On Risk Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1139 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? The key element of Islamic banking is that the risks of financial transactions should be evenly divided between depositor and investor, that is between bank and client. Interest in the sense of asking a fee for merely lending money, is prohibited, as long as the lender is not running any risks themselves. Speculative contracts such as futures and options are also forbidden. A practical consequense of these Islamic principles is that the relationship between investor and depositor becomes one of reciprocity. Banks are necessarily more involved with their clients activities. A non-Islamic bank might lend the money to its client, and not bother what he does with it as long as the interest is paid on time. The Islamic bank, on the other hand, wants to make sure that its client is doing well, because their relationship is one of profit-sharing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Islamic Banking And Its Principles On Risk Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Islamic banking is based on standard contracts. I will mention a few, to illustrate the point. The Mudaraba contract is the investment of money by either the bank or the client in return for a share in the profits. In this contract only the investor is liable for losses. In the Musharaka, on the other hand, both sides share the risk of loss as well as profit, in proportion to their respective investments. Then there is the Murabaha, which is the sale of materials and equipment by the bank to the client for an amount which is higher than their cost price, and which has to be paid in instalments. The Murabaha is the easiest and least risky contract, because banks know the return on their venture without risking their own capital. Most of the derivatives incorporate gharar (absolute risk), gambling and interest and support speculative activities. Islamic legal rules, particularly the ban on Gharar and on the sale of debt for debt, do not allow transactions devoid of real/productive activities. Derivatives involving such financial contracts which themselves are prohibited in Shariah (Riba based bonds forward foreign exchange where mutual exchange is not simultaneous, for example) are clearly un-acceptable according to the Shariah principles. In case the underlying assets are equities and commodities it would be seen whether or not Riba and Gharar are involved. According to some writers Arbuncan become a basis for developing some kinds of Shariah compliant options contract by which one party buys the right to purchase from the other party specified goods for a specified price on a certain date. Arbun is a void contract according to a Hadith, and the three schools of Islamic law. Only Hanabalah uphold Arbun with the condition imposed by some of them that time should be stipulated for the option. The OIC(Organisation of the Islamic Conference) Fiqh Academy has also endorsed Arbun but only if time limit is specified. Even if Arbun is accepted as valid transaction, most of the derivatives current in the market would still be unacceptable from Shariah angle due to involvement to Gharar and Riba. A Call Option can be considered near to Bai al Arbun in the sense that the seller does not return the premium or advance payment to the buyer in case the latter does not exercise the purchase option and the buyer loses the option premium even if the option is exercised and the contract is confirmed. In case of Bai al-Arbun, however, the option premium is adjusted in sale price when the contract is confirmed. However, this subject of derivatives needs extensive research. When it comes to insurance Islam have their own concept, the main concept of Islamic insurance is that it is an alternative to conventional insurance, with characteristics and features that comply with shariah requirements. This is done by eliminating the objections against conventional insurance. The main features of Islamic insurance are: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Cooperative risk sharing by using charitable donations to eliminate gharar and riba; ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ clear financial segregation between the participant (insured) and the operator (insurance company); ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Shariah-compliant underwriting policies and investment strategies. I will now explain the points above. Within the Co-op insurance the characteristics of a cooperative include self-responsibility, democracy, equality, equity, solidarity, honesty, openness, social responsibility, and caring for others. While mutuality or cooperative risk sharing is at the core of Islamic insurance, it cannot alone create an Islamic insurance operation. Islamic insurance is based on more than one relationship: The first relationship is a mutual insurance contract between policyholders (contributors) and each other. This is similar to a pure mutual insurance relationship, taking into consideration the concept of donation, Instead of premiums. The main features behind cooperative insurance are: Policyholders pay premiums to a cooperative fund with the intention of it being a donation to those who will suffer losses (tabarru) Policyholders are entitled to receive any surplus resulting from the operation of the cooperative insurance fund. Policyholders are liable to make up for any deficits that result from the operation of the cooperative insurance fund. Clear Segregation Between Participant and Operator: In conventional insurance, the insurance company is a for profit organization that aims to maximise profit by accepting the financial burden of others losses. The insurance company is owned by shareholders who receive any profit and are responsible for financing any deficit. Under Islamic insurance, the system is that the insurance companys role is restricted to managing the portfolio and investing the insurance contributions for and on behalf of the participants.from my research I found that there are four different models in operation: The mudarabh model, the wakalah model, the hybrid mudarabh-wakalah model, and the pure cooperative model (non-profit). The last point is Shariah-Compliant Policies and Strategies: Ethical insurers invest money in a responsible way in industries that are ethically sound and do not harm the environment or people( like the Norwegian pension fund) . Islamic insurance is similar, except that the ethical considerations are extended to those which do not contravene the religion of Islam and are monitored by a shariah board, which is part of the company structure. In particular, the investment and underwriting policies need to be free of any involvement with the prohibited activities of gambling, alcohol, pork, armaments, tobacco, and interest-bearing activities, loans, and securities. Word count: 1529 All Islamic words and economic glossary I used is from: https://www.islamic-world.net/economics/word/b.htm or the websites I used. Websites: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Institute of Islamic Banking and Finance: www.islamic-banking.com ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Islamic Banking and Finance: www.islamicbankingandfinance.com ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Middle East Insurance Review: www.meinsurancereview.com https://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/psde%2018AGM/A%20Broader%20Definition%20Of%20Riba.pdf https://www.suite101.com/content/what-is-riba-a91216 Other Sources : The previous group works done by my group ( James, Hassan, Ali and me) Handouts given in class (a short review of the historical critique of usury) by Wayne A.M Visser and Alastair McIntosh , searching for the Mecca of finance. ( used them to gain more understanding)

Saving Money For College Education - 1001 Words

saving money for college education as opposed to retirement, there are several other factors that contribute to Gen X’s lack of funds for retirement (Powell, 2015). Gen X carries the most debt in comparison to Baby Boomers and Millennials. According to a study by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Gen X owes an average of $142,007, mostly comprised of mortgage debt. In comparison to Baby Boomers, Gen X held about 60% more debt at age 44 than the earlier cohort. In addition, the household income at the same age was only about 5% higher than Baby Boomers. Therefore, while Gen X is not making much more money than Baby Boomers, they have accumulated more debt, and are reducing debt at a slower pace than any other generation (Matthews,†¦show more content†¦The first step in creating a retirement plan to last at least 25 years is to set short term goals, understand good debt versus bad debt, and how to prioritize paying off debt to allow the additional income to be saved for retirement. Bad debt, such as personal loans, car loans, and credit card debt carry high interest rates, and do not represent a future investment; bad debt loses value over time. Good debt, or debt with a low interest rate, can be viewed as a future investment. This type of debt includes mortgages, business loans, and student loans (Von Tobel, 2014). Paying off bad debt first reduces high interest payments, which then can be applied to an overall retirement savings plan. Approximately 50% of credit card users carry a month-to-month balance, and are required to pay accrued interest charges. According to Ghilarducci, actual credit cards should stay home, in a hard to reach place to be used only in the case of an emergency. While it is critical to pay down credit cards, high interest loans, and avoid carrying a balance, it is also important to make solid financial decisions pertaining to good debt. Paying off a mortgage in 7 or 15 years will raise the current monthly payment, but will save money overall by qualifying for lower interest rates, andShow MoreRelatedStudents Should Start Planning For College At The Beginning Of High School14 43 Words   |  6 PagesBill Bennett stated of higher education, â€Å" The higher amount you put into higher education, at the federal level particularly, the more the price of high education will rise. It’s the dog that never catches its tail.† Bennett asserts that while the prices of education are rising, they are not going to start falling as a result of, the amount the government puts in (Student Loan Quotes, 2015). The average student leaves college with an average of $35,000 of debt. With this debt, students have toRead MoreAdvantages Of College Tuition1693 Words   |  7 Pagesattending college. The main argument that we have is whether college tuition is too expensive or not. Over the last few decades the college tuition rates have increased drastically, but is a rate increase necessarily a good or bad thing. I personally believe that the cost to attend college is too expensive especially for low and middle-income families. There are many reasons why tuitio n could be considered too expensive they include, rise of tuition, little financial aid, and lack of college savings toRead MorePaying For A Higher Education871 Words   |  4 PagesPaying For a Higher Education There are over two hundred and fifty five worldwide childbirths per minute, and almost fifty seven percent of those who are born will not be able to use their own money to pay for college (Central Intelligence Agency 2). College is a very important aspect of life today. Each year things change in this world. Post-Secondary education is becoming a major requirement with most jobs today. Whereas in the past, post-secondary education was not as prevalent. Many studentsRead MoreHigh Education Vs. Out Of State Tuition1564 Words   |  7 PagesBill Bennett said of higher education, â€Å" The higher amount you put into high education, at the federal level particularly, the more the price of high education rises. It’s the dog that never catches its tail.† Bennett asserts that while the prices of education are rising, yet they are not going to start coming down because of the amount the government is putting in. The average student leaves college with an average of $35,000 of debt. Because of this debt, students have to put off majorRead MoreGraduation Speech : Avoiding College Debt895 Words   |  4 PagesAvoiding College Debt From elementary school career days to college visits in high school, the importance of continuing our education is drilled into our heads from day one. What the adults who so graciously give up their time to speak at career day fail to mention is enormous cost of college. So, what is a parent to do, dash their child’s dream of becoming a doctor, or find a way to make it happen? We all know a college education comes with a high price tag, but with all the advantages like highRead MoreBenefits Of The Prepaid Plan1038 Words   |  5 Pages We know college can be very expensive. There are many expenses for higher education including; tuition, room and board, books, and extra cost. That being said, there are many programs and plans that can assist with the cost. I will discuss 529 plans, Coverdell education savings account, American Opportunity Tax Credit, Lifetime Learning Credits, and tuition fees. There is a 529 Plan that can help the parent start preparing for their child’s college. The plan will help families save many for futureRead MoreSample Financial Plan Description1594 Words   |  7 Pagesplan to help you retire at the age of 62 and afford to send your son, Sam, to college. After looking at the information you gave us regarding your income and expenses, we came up with the best solution for your financial future. We’ve picked out profitable mutual funds for your son’s college, as well as retirement investments. We also have found different methods of saving money for your retirement and future education for your son. We believe that there will be a great benefit to having a financiallyRead MorePursuing A College Education Right Out Of High School962 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Pursuing a college education right out of high school is an important decision—one of the most important things to consider facing young adults. Traditionally speaking, the responsible consideration would be to continue educational momentum into a college or university setting. While parents of college-age students can provide guidance and direction on the perceived correct path, the commitment and determination falls on the shoulders of the student—requiring much contemplation in makingRead More math lesson Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagesresult of limited resources. Student Objectives Students will: †¢ Identify quot;opportunity costsquot; in the story and in their own lives. †¢ Create an opportunity costs bar graph as a whole class. †¢ Complete a table of personal spending and savings information. †¢ Write an original story about how they spent and saved their allowance and what they gave up or their quot;opportunity costsquot; in order to reach their goals. Materials: †¢ a copy of Alexander, Who Used to Be Rich Last SundayRead MorePersuasive Speech : Greedy Money Hoarders1484 Words   |  6 PagesGreedy Money Hoarders   Ã‚  Ã‚   Imagine being a student in college, when you receive a letter telling you how much you owe in tuition fees. You already have a full time job, and still manage to get to your daily classes, but with the minimum wage pay you receive you can’t afford the basic necessities and the tuition prices that seem to increase every year. Your parents refuse to help you, so you’re on your own. Parents have decided it’s a cultural norm to have their children leave the house and become

Recent Trends in Malware Viruses and Trojan Horses

Question: Discuss about theRecent Trends in Malware for Viruses and Trojan Horses. Answer: Introduction Malware or in other words malicious software can include a large number of hostile or criminal software that can cause various forms of security threats like worms, viruses, Trojan horses, and rootkits. The harm is caused by infiltrating a computer without the awareness of the host. AS technologies a have developed over past few years, malwares have also grown with new threats that are difficult to overcome(M., 2008). Attacks through malware are increasing through social networks, search engines and mobile devices exposing web users to infections. In 2010, over 1 million websites were infected by malware and around 1.5 million advertisements were distributed as observed by Dasient. A protection measure requires the use of an antivirus that not just protects a machine from normal viruses but also from malware threats and spywares. In several cases, an anti-malware produced used along with anti-virus would give better protection to a system using internet(Mills, 2011). Considering the large number of compromises caused by malware attacks, malware can be considered as an important area to explore and understand such that awareness about dangers can be created and appropriate protection measures can be identified and used for combating malware related threats. Thus, this report would explore recent trends in malware threats and explore solutions(Mariotti, 2014). Research Report Challenges As per 2013 Batchelder report, malware made on top of the list of threats faced by websites. Malware attack websites by injecting malicious JavaScripts by exploiting their vulnerabilities. These malware attacks affect organizations in major ways out of which data breach is one of the most prominent and harmful threat. They are updated, encrypted with anti-debugging capabilities added and commercialisation of exploit kits with automation has added complexities to incident detection and tracking of malware activities(Mansour Parrizas, 2014). Malware have become persistent threats to the web ecosystem and layered defences are unable to provide a complete protection due to Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) caused by malware. These malware are mostly targeted to evading the privacy or performing some criminal activities like theft, sabotage or espionage(Dionysopoulou, 2014). With a large number of malware existing today, it becomes a challenge to properly classify them. As on March 6, 2007, there were 30,000 distinct variants of malware that were identified. Initially, this classification was done manually but in recent years, the processes are automated for grouping new viruses. However, this automatic classification poses many challenges mainly due to lack of well-defined notions of multiple malware instances(Li, Liu, Gao, Reiter, 2010). Another major challenge occurs because of lack of awareness about malware attack behaviour in users who open doors for such attacks too often putting their systems to risks. Moreover, internet security technologies that are used by enterprises for protection may not be reared to fight the modern malware techniques leaving their machines vulnerable to attacks(Oltsik, 2013). Technologies Technologies are used for detecting malware such that they could be prevented from getting downloaded to cause harm to systems. Various malware detection techniques that are used today include signature based, anomaly based and specification based methods(Agrawal, Singh, Gour, Kumar, 2014). PAYL is a program that is used for dynamic anomaly based detection. It calculates the expected payload for every system port and creates byte frequency distribution for developing a centroid model. Incoming payloads are compared with this model to identify variations. If the incoming payload is much more than expected payload as per the model, then that is recognized as malicious. Intrusion detection can use data mining techniques for creating malware detection agents that can audit data of incoming connections to identify intrusions. Privacy-invasive software (PIS) like Adware and Spyware can be identified using Forensic Tool Kit (FTK) software. Other malware protection technologies use techniques like Finite State Automata (FSA) approach to detection, process profiling of system calls, Audit trail pattern analysis, Network Analysis of Anomalous Traffic Events (NATE), Fileprint (n-gram) analysis, cross-view diff-based detection and so on(Idika Mathur, 2007). Research Areas Various areas of recent in the malware trends include: Types of malware software like viruses, worms and so on such as ransomware, espionage, crime ware and so on. The techniques used by malware software for evasion such as stalling codes, environmental triggers and so on(Lindorfer, Kolbitsch, Comparetti, 2011) Malware detection techniques used for protection from malware threats Probabilities and impacts of malware attacks on systems including various types of malicious activities that can be performed Malicious behaviour categories including evasion, execution, network, packing, auto start, file and memory attacks. Technologies or techniques that can be used for detecting malware Various types of threats that can be caused to various types of users in the case of malware attack incidences(ESET, 2016) Discussion Summary The report explores two studies conducted by M. Papadaki on Attack Pattern Analysis: Trends in Malware Variant Development and by Shahid Alam on Current Trends and the Future of Metamorphic Malware Detection. Attack Pattern Analysis: Trends in Malware Variant Development This research delved into the practices of development of malware variants such that the insights could be used for developing additional protection layers to deal with these variants. The study was conducted by exploring three popular malware threats including Beagle, Netsky and Mytob. Some malware trends seen between the years 2003 and 2005 were identified including mass mailing worms, threats to confidential data, bots and their variants, and blended threats. The analysis of specific threats revealed that mass mailing worms like Netsky are propagated through emails and folders that are shared over web. In such cases, worms use some advanced social engineering techniques such that lure users into opening files and a malicious code gets executed the moment user previews or views the file. Just like Netsky, Beagle also used same channels for propagation and also peer-to-peer networks at times. The difference was found in the way worms are utilized on attacked website. While Netsky sent the whole malicious code for attack, Beagle sent only part of code that was used for downloading entire malicious code from a website. This makes it easier for security communities to block downloads but at the same time makes users vulnerable in future with spamming. Mytob was the newer worm that incorporated mall mailing as well as botnet functionalities. It uses a basic mass mailing functionality but an advanced level of backdoor entry by connecting to IRC servers to receive commands giving servers access to local systems through web or ftp. The research suggested that, it is not the complexity which poses biggest challenge, but the combination of various techniques that they use for tricking users that can pose danger. Thus, malware detection software need to understand evolution of variants of malware and their incremental development behaviour to develop counter-techniques(M.Papadaki, S.M.Furnell, N.L.Clarke, Bakar, G.Pinkney, 2005). Current Trends and the Future of Metamorphic Malware Detection This research explored trends in malware threats and characteristics of malware detection systems. The paper identified techniques that malware developers use to protect malware software from getting detected by antivirus applications such as packing or compression, polymorphism that involves mutation of static binary code, and metamorphism that involves mutation of dynamic binary code. Various types of metamorphic malware were identified including closed-world malware that can generate newly mutated codes and open-world malwares that can communicate with other websites through internet to update themselves. The report suggested that malware detection can be used as a measure for protection and major types of detection techniques include Opcode-based analysis (OBA) that disassembles binaries to extract opcodes, Control Flow Analysis (CFA) that assesses calling relationships between program functions, and Information Flow Analysis (IFA) that checks changes in propagated values over time. The report also observed future trends that can occur in the malware threat propagation. The research revealed that web and mobile malware are likely to get more sophisticated in future which is why a hybrid protection involving both static and dynamic analysis may be required for protection. With increasing use of Internet-of-Things devices, embedded system threats are also likely to increase and this demands use of newer malware detection and protection techniques to protect systems from sophisticated malwares like Stuxnet. Further, the paper suggested that a distributed malware detection system may be used over cloud to secure communications between various devices and cloud(Alam, Traore, Sogukpinar, 2014). Uncovered Issues The researches recognized the challenge and requirement for understanding malware variations and their developmental techniques but it did not cover the methods that are used by malware creators for disguising users or tricking them into opening or downloading malware such as code signing and modified browser settings(Sagar, 2009). The researchers also did not explore the evasion techniques used by malware currently such as environmental awareness, obfuscation of internal data, timing-based evasion and confusing automated tools. There are over 500 evasive behaviours that can be used in combination for causing malware attacks. How security techniques can be used for detecting these evasive behaviours of malware was not covered in the researches explored. The researchers did not explore latest techniques used by various types of malware like botnets, espionage, ransomware and so on. This could have included an exploration of specific types of malware, their varieties, attack techniques and evolution(OECD, 2008). The researchers did not include insights into how systems can get affected which could be useful in identifying causes that would be used for building awareness in users such that threat exposure could be minimized. Some of the techniques that could have been explored here include drive by downloads that involves downloading of an executable file, piggyback attacks which involves embedding of malware code in an otherwise safe executable file(Peterson, 2006). Lessons Learnt Some lessons about malware and their attack, evasion, detection and impact trends include: The danger is more in the combination of evasion techniques used by malware than in the complexities of attacks because evasion techniques target users who are not educated to handle security threats Malware producers keep coming with variations that older technological solutions would not be able to adapt to and thus, newer technologies and updates may be required to prevent such malware from affecting systems. Use of anti-virus software may not be sufficient for complete protection and a complementing malware detection software may be needed Organizations are not prepared with technological solutions that are capable of managing and preventing threats caused by latest malware There are over 500 evasive behaviour used by malware and the list keeps on increasing making it difficult for security solution providers to keep them updated Because of a huge number of variants of malware, a correct classification of malware becomes difficult as this is mostly done use automated tools that have limited information about the characteristics of malware. Conclusions The report explored recent trends in malware including different types of threats from malware, techniques used for development of malware, strategies used for attacking users and measures used for protection from malware. The paper explored two past researches done in this area to understand the trends and identified research gaps by uncovering issues that were not discussed in the chosen researches. Based on the understanding of malware trends and the research gaps, some lessons that were learned from the exercises on the topic of interest were presented in the end. References Agrawal, M., Singh, H., Gour, N., Kumar, A. (2014). Evaluation on Malware Analysis. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, 3381-3384. Alam, S., Traore, I., Sogukpinar, I. (2014). Current Trends and the Future of Metamorphic Malware Detection. University of Victoria. Dionysopoulou, N. (2014). The key to advanced malware protection. McAfee. ESET. (2016). Trends 2016 (IN) Security Everywhere. Eset. Idika, N., Mathur, A. P. (2007). A Survey of Malware Detection Techniques. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University. Li, P., Liu, L., Gao, D., Reiter, M. K. (2010). On Challenges in Evaluating Malware Clustering. Chapel Hill, NC, USA: University of North Carolina. Lindorfer, M., Kolbitsch, C., Comparetti, P. M. (2011). Detecting Environment-Sensitive Malware. Vienna University of Technology. M., A. H. (2008). Malware 101 - Viruses. SANS Institute. M.Papadaki, S.M.Furnell, N.L.Clarke, Bakar, U., G.Pinkney. (2005). Attack Pattern Analysis: Trends in Malware Variant Development . Plymouth, United Kingdom: University of of Plymouth. Mansour, Y., Parrizas, A. A. (2014). An Early Malware Detection, Correlation, and Incident Response System with Case Studies. SANS Institute. Mariotti, J. (2014). An introduction to malware . CERT-UK. Mills, E. (2011). Emerging Trends in Malware - Antivirus and Beyond . WayTek. OECD. (2008). Malicious Software (Malware): A security Threat to Internet Economy. OECD. Oltsik, J. (2013). Malware and the State of Enterprise Security. ESG. Peterson, P. (2006). Malware Trends:The Attack of Blended Spyware Crime . Ironport Systems. Sagar, A. (2009). Current Threat Scenario and Recent Attack Trends. CERTIN.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Essay Example

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Essay Sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs, are grabbing increasing attention given that the category includes AIDS, often labelled as the plague of our century. However, there are other important STDs that affect a large number of individuals and lead to disastrous consequences. These include Gonorrhea, Syphillis, Chlamydia, Herpes type II, Human Papilloma Virus (Warts), Hepatitis B, Trichimonis, Pubic Lice (CRABS). Different in origin, symptoms, treatment and outcomes, all these diseases share the way of transmission, where sexual intercourse is the primary vehicle.1. Prevalence of   STDs.The list of most important STDs has changed over time. Thus, syphilis was non-existent in pre-Columbian Europe. After Columbus’ trip to America, syphilis emerged as a devastating disease that used to plunder towns and villages, which gave scientists reasons to believe that it was brought over from the New World (Crosby, 1973, p. 124-126). In the 1960s the five most important STDs included gon orrhea, syphilis, granuloma inguinale, chancroid, and lymphogranuloma venereum (STDs: Yesterday and Today, 2004).According to the statistics publicised by the American Social Health Association, â€Å"more than half of all people will have an STD at some point in their lifetime† (ASHA, 2005). The same association estimates that one in two sexually active Americans gets infected with an STD by the age of 25, and one out of four teenagers per year will contract an STD. The compilation of reliable statistics is difficult since only a few sexually transmittd diseases including gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, hepatitis A and B have to be reported to the health authorities when diagnosed. However, these numbers show the prevalence of SDTs in contemporary society and demonstrate that this is a serious health issue that has to be addressed with adequate measures on prevention and cure.STDs are typically caused by bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Physicians use antibiotics to treat S TDs cause by bacteria, but the problem is that the bacterium can develop a resistance to the medication, complicating treatment. Parasitic STDs are for the most part curable. The greatest challenge for humanity at this point is the viral STDs, including HIV/AIDS, as the virus tends to stay in the body for prolonged time periods without exhibiting any symptoms. Besides, â€Å"there are no known cures for viruses† (STDs: Yesterday and Today, 2004).2. Primary STDs.HIV/ AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome) usually tops the list of concerns related to sexually transmitted diseases to the uniformly lethal outcome and unavailability of the cure. A person develops AIDS after contracting HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) that decreases the potential of the immune system to respond to infections and cancers. As a result, the host dies of a certain infection or cancer, although HIV can reside in the body for years without developing into AIDS.Gonorrhea is a curable bacterial infe ction and one of the oldest sexually transmitted diseases. The disease is found in both men and women, although in women it is more likely to reside without causing symptoms. The bacterium affects many organs, including vagina, cervix, urethra, throat, and rectum.Syphilis, formerly known as the French disease, results from the contraction of â€Å"a bacterial spirochete that bores into the mucous membranes of the mouth or genitals† (STDs: Yesterday and Today, 2004). Syphilis develops in several stages, and it can take years before the disease reaches a stage in which it become incurable and leads to the death of the patient. In the initial stages it is treatable (NIAID, 2004). Syphilis begins with the appearance of a chancre, an ulcer that can appear both inside and outside of the body and thus often passes unnoticed by the patient, in particular due to its painless character. The secondary stage is characterised by the appearance of a highly infectious rash on the body. Afte r this the disease can transform into a latent process that will continue for years without causing any symptoms. Alternatively, syphilis can enter the tertiary stage which triggers â€Å"mental illness, blindness, other neurologic problems, heart disease, and death† (NIAID, 2004).Chlamydia is caused by bacterium that affects cervix, urethra, throat, and rectum. First reported in 1984, it â€Å"affects an estimated 35 million women annually† (STDs: Yesterday and Today, 2004). Chlamydia has a serious effect on fallopian tubes and can lead to infertility if not cured quickly. After treatment, Chlamydia can reside in the body for long periods of time.Herpes virus (Type II) is transmitted through sexual intercourse when the virus gets into the mucous on the genitals. As with most viruses, this one is incurable and can remain in the body for a lifetime without demonstrating symptoms (STDs: Yesterday and Today, 2004). According to the American Social Health Association, 90% of those infected with herpes do not know about their infection (ASHA, 2005). Alternatively, it can break into a rash or ulcer on the skin. Herpes virus is believed to pose little danger to the body and mostly leads to discomfort; however, contracting genital herpes simplifies HIV infection, and so couples in which one partner has this disease usually choose to use condoms to protect the other partner from risk.Human Papillomavirus (HSV) is another viral infection that can reside with the host without triggering symptoms. The most common symptom is warts, in particular genital warts. Recently, scientists established the connection between HSV and cervical and anal cancer, so contracting HSV raises the risk of cervical cancer in women. Among 80 and 100 strains of the virus, there are differing degrees of risk of causing cancer.Hepatitis B, like other varieties of hepatitis (Types A, C, D) leads to the inflammation of the liver, but differs from other types since it is contracted thro ugh sexual intercourse in 30% of the cases (STDs: Yesterday and Today, 2004). A person can recover from hepatitis without serious damage to health, although in many cases the disease can change into a chronic form or lead to a fatal outcome due to liver failure.3. STDs: Impact on Health.Many STDs, although not leading to fatal outcomes on their own, can lead to complications that will result in either death of the patient or permanent depression of a certain bodily function such as reproduction. Thus, untreated gonorrhoea in women can result in a PID, pelvic infectious disease, especially if left untreated for many years. PID results in the formation of scars in the fallopian tubes that can block the passage of the fertilized egg into the uterus. The consequence can be a tubal (ectopic) pregnancy in which the embryo implants in the tube, occasionally causing a miscarriage or even resulting in a fatal outcome. In men, gonorrhoea results in epididymitis, affecting the testicles, and/o r inflammation of the prostate gland.Similar effects appear in both men and women as a result of other STDs. PID is a common condition emerging in consequence of STD and can often lead to infertility. Untreated, the infection leads to the blockage of the fallopian tubes precluding the fertilization of the egg. Half of PID cases are attributed to Chlamydia (NIAID, 2004). Often this process is not accompanied with any symptoms or inconvenience, and thus the condition progresses unnoticed.Any other STD increases the risk of contracting HIV. For this reason, prevention and treatment of other STDs is important part of the efforts to reduce the spread of AIDS. Besides, measures that are part of the prevention campaigns against HIV, such as mutual monogamy (â€Å"having sex with only one, uninfected partner who only has sex with you†), condom use and regular check-ups are helpful against HIV as well as against other sexually transmitted diseases.4. Diagnosing and Prevention of STDs. Diagnosing and prevention of these dangerous diseases is an important issue in contemporary American society where high cost of medical services can isolate the uninsured portion of the population from regular check-ups necessary in order to prevent the development of the disease. The low level of concern among medical professionals is another problem. A national survey of US doctors indicated that less than one-third of physicians regularly checked patients for STDs (St Lawrence J.S. et al., 2002, p.1784). Screening for Chlamydia, a disease that can cause lasting damage to a woman’s reproductive system leading to infertility, is at a disappointingly low level, since â€Å"in 2003 only 30% of women 25 and under with commercial health care plans and 45% in Medicaid plans were screened for Chlamydia† (ASHA, 2005). Since early detection of the disease is often a decisive factor that determines the success of treatment, any program aiming to increase the effectiveness of a n anti-STD campaign has to concentrate on stepping up measures for early diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases. As stated before, regular check-ups can, for example, exclude deaths from syphilis that is treatable in early stages.Another part of efforts in combating STDs is to embark on an extensive prevention program. A study conducted by Alexander McKay in Canada in 2000 focused on the research of effective interventions methods aimed at prevention of HIV and other STDs. His research indicates favourable outcomes of behavioral interventions with â€Å"adolescents, street youth, STI clinic patients, women, heterosexually active men, men who have sex with men, and communities† (McKay, 2000, p. 95). The study aims at the development of a cost-effective method of STD prevention that will generate results in a cost-efficient manner. A successful prevention strategy, according to McKay has to take into consideration cultural factors and be conducted in a culturally appropriat e fashion. Activists are encouraged to draw on the involvement of peer educators and community opinion leaders, putting sizeable effort into the promotion of condoms and safe sex. Campaigning has to evolve on both communal and individual planes, targeting broad masses of people as well as creating individual sexual health plans.Another important area of fight against STDs is the research directed at the invention of new medications against these infections, as well as vaccines and diagnosis methods. Thus, a projected supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) targets the development of new diagnosis methods that will allow doctors to pinpoint with greater precision the stage of the disease (NIAID, 2004). Molecular biologists are investigating various parts of the spirochete bacterium in order to prepare a vaccine that will provide for more efficient prevetion of this STD. Researchers are also trying to replace the current common diagnostic test fo r syphilis that requires a blood sample with one that will examine saliva or urine.   The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases’ research on gonorrhoea focuses on several important issues, namely, â€Å"how this bacterium attaches to host cells†, â€Å"how it gets inside cells†, â€Å"gonococcal surface structures and how they can change†, and â€Å"human response to infection by gonococci† (NIAID, 2004). Dramatic improvements in treatment and diagnosis of STDs will be instrumental in stemming the spread of these diseases.ConclusionSTDs are a pervasive phenomenon in modern-day society that has come to the fore of public attention primarily due to HIV/AIDS. Although AIDS is by far the deadliest STD at this point, the impact of other infections should not be overshadowed by the AIDS epidemic, since STDs affect a large proportion of population and carry permanent long-term risks due to their frequently latent character. These infecti ons, caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites, can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancies and lethal outcomes. That is why efforts aimed at the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of STDs acquire increasing importance.

Common Symptoms of Eye Strain

Common Symptoms of Eye Strain Vision-intensive tasks like reading or computer work can cause the muscles in the eye severe stress, ultimately resulting in a condition known as asthenopia, or eye strain. Straining your eye muscles can produce a variety of symptoms, which means  eye strain can be a debilitating repetitive stress injury. Furthermore, you may not even recognize some of these symptoms as â€Å"eye† problems as the symptoms are typically nonspecific. However, once you understand that these issues can point to  symptoms of eye strain you are well on your way to treating eye strain or preventing eye strain entirely. Symptoms of Eye Strain Due to overwork and repetitive stress, the muscles in your eyes fatigue. The primary symptom associated with early stages of eye strain typically involve the head, neck, or backaches or dizziness and lightheadedness, and although these early symptoms may point to general work-related soreness, its best to give your body a break if you begin to feel pain near or around the eyes. Prolonged, intensive use of the eyes cause their ciliary muscles to tighten, often resulting in spasms or twitches around the eyes. This is the earliest sign directly indicative of eye strain and can intensify to include heaviness of eyelids, blurred or double vision, tired or sore eyes, or even overly watery, itchy or dry eyes.   If left untreated and exposed to continued stress, the pain can intensify resulting in a burning sensation, even with eyes closed.   Other nonspecific symptoms include car sickness, nausea, reading problems, lack of concentration, and general fatigue.   Treating Eye Strain Symptoms Although many of the above symptoms do not directly point to eye strain, if you begin experiencing more than one of these symptoms while undergoing eye-intensive tasks, it is best to take a break and assess your overall well-being. Your first response should be to cease the activity causing tension, close your eyes and relax for five to ten minutes. If you are reading, especially on a computer screen, and begin to experience these symptoms, it is best to allow your eyes and the ciliary muscles to relax by focusing away from the reading material. Focus instead on an object considerably further away. This relaxes the strained muscles of your eye and interrupts the repetitive stress of continued reading. Doing this over the course of working on eye-intensive tasks may reduce your chance of straining your eyes.   If your symptoms do not lessen as a result, you may have over-stressed your eyes. In this case, the best solution is to turn out all the lights in the room and allow your eyes to fully relax in the dark. If you are experiencing a burning sensation even with your eyes closed, covering them with a cold compress (nothing too cold, like ice) should alleviate some of the tenderness. Over time of non-use, your eyes will recover on their own. If symptoms continue to occur, even after a long rest, consult your physician as this may be indicative of a larger optical issue.   Effects of Eye Strain Chronic eye strain may also be a significant factor in learning and attention problems. Without the ability to see or read without significant discomfort, you may find yourself unable to retain information due to the distraction of pain. Chronic pain, if left untreated, may cause your vision to suffer, eventually resulting in blindness. Fortunately, diagnosing eye strain is rather easy since these symptoms typically only appear during a visually intensive task. When youre undergoing such stressful work, be sure to be aware of the fatigue of your eyes. Take breaks often and desist if eye pain continues for more than 30 minutes.

Shipping Law case abt DEVIATION AND LIBERTY CLAUSES Essay

Shipping Law case abt DEVIATION AND LIBERTY CLAUSES - Essay Example Instantly Mr. Francis (owner of the ship) received a message to consign 10 containers of engineering equipments to Southampton, before reaching New York. The ship docked in New York on 7th November 2008. When the ship was being anchored, it happened to hit against a dock wall, due to apparent negligence of the ship’s master. Consequently 40 crates of medical equipments, valued at around  £40,000 were totally ruined. The subsequent inquiries revealed that navigating officer and master of the vessel, who were mainly responsible for the safety of ship and cargo, were in an inebriated state during the time of occurrence of accident. The shipping law is a combination of customs, precedents, legislations, and ratio decedent. The subject matter of the same is ownership and operation of ships travelling through the high seas which confers rights and imposes duties on the respective parties. The transportation of goods along the high seas is primarily based on contracts or agreements between the ship owner on the one hand, and the party consigning goods, on the other. Anyway, these agreements are grounded on archaic customs and antiquated precedents prevailing in the industry. As already mentioned the transportation of goods through high seas is mainly based on contracts or agreements between the ship owner and the consigner. These types of contracts are otherwise termed as â€Å"Charter Parties†. The term Charter Party is derived from the Latin word â€Å"Carta Partitta† which means â€Å"divided charter†. As per the classification the charter party is divided into three types which are â€Å"Demise charter†, secondly, â€Å"Time charter† and finally â€Å"Voyage charter.† 1 It is the charterer who appoints the master and the crew of the ship. The charterer himself affects the repairs etc. In summary the charterer acts as if he is the owner of the vessel during the period of the contract. In time charter the

Discipline Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discipline Model - Essay Example The Dreikurs Model says that the teacher should be democratic and put limits for the students instead of punishing them. The Canter Model and The Fred Jones Model is about taking charge and providing efficient help to students and conveying messages through body language. The discipline model that I have selected is The Fred Jones Model. I have selected this model because children are very good at understanding non-verbal signals. They can respond to them better. With body language the students can predict the teacher's signs and respond accordingly. It makes it easier for the student to understand as he is getting only one signal instead of two, i.e. verbal and non-verbal. My teaching philosophy is that both teacher and students maintain a healthy relationship with clear communication. The teacher should be fair in all grading and implementation of the discipline model. All students are different and each one needs to be administered to individually, this model helps me achieve that because it asks to give individual attention to each child. Also, I believe in active learning and by giving incentives and Preferred Activity Time, I will be able tot each them some lessons outside the classroom as well. Learning is more important than getting a grade, which is why this model is more effective for me. It emphasizes on the need for the students to absorb the knowledge given to them. To achieve the grade the student needs to learn and set a goal, I help them set goals on the first day of class. This model focuses on giving incentives to students for doing the right thing. One suggestion by Fred Jones is that to allocate Preferred Activity Time, which can be for the whole class and if they behave they can do whatever activity they want in this time period. The model suggests that the teacher should give individual attention to students. This would motivate them to complete their work and move forward with their learning. The idea is to praise prompt and leave. There may be cases, when one child will continue to misbehave in this case I will have a backup plan ready to use. These punishments should be pre-planned and within the classroom so that the least amount of teaching time is wasted. Parents and administrators should be involved in the teaching and discipline process. They basic guidelines should be mentioned to them at the start of the semester and they should be briefed about all actions that the teacher plans to take in specific circumstances. The support of both parties should be achieved before going further and implementing the plans. Thus, it is best to talk to parents and the administrators before the start of the semester. On the first day of the new school term, the teacher should ensure that the class layout is such which enhances learning and easier communication with the teacher. It should also facilitate movement and not make it difficult for the student or the teacher to move around the class. The general rules should be told to the students and maybe put up in the class somewhere so that the students are not confused about them at any time. Also, all the tools and equipment required by the students for any activity that the teacher administers should be in the classroom and easily accessible to the students. This should all be done on the first day of the semester so that in future there are no misunderstandings between the teacher and

Adventure Outing For Employees Tourism Essay

Adventure Outing For Employees Tourism Essay Adventure Outing Quick fix for your stressed out employees If you take a bunch of people and put them in a challenging place, letting their potential to shine, and their positive energies to blend and if you have an exceptionally good trainer along, the results achieved at the end of it all benefit each member. With this philosophy corporate should send their employees for outings. Adventure trips for employees focus on rejuvenating and recommitting to your employ companys goals. It provides opportunity for people to learn to lead and initiate. The outings that are offered these days are designed keeping the working lifestyle of people in mind. The activities in a corporate outing are refreshing, fun and creative. It is like a holiday devoid your family members with an intention to create good energy in the group and spread a flavor of positivism which stays even after the trip. A few gains for employees from these trips are as follows. Companys interest After recruiting an employs a companys job to keep him onboard begins. In todays time of financial crisis loss of a skilled employee means loss in business. To stop that from happening, companies send their employees for outings periodically. These outings are organized keeping in mind the aim to enhance the skills of their employees. Each outing is chalked out in order to bring out certain level of confidence, raise self esteem and build team work. In the whole process employees also develop number of other qualities. They are Effective decision making through problem solving Employees are asked to gather in groups and play games which would highlight how much they are compatible with each other. These games are aimed at eliminating mental blocks people have and give them a new way of thinking. Apart from teaching all these activities there is lot of fun and laughter where colleagues bond strongly. Adventure activities Adventure activities bring about co-ordination in the group. Unknowingly people learn to make decisions and solve problems. They forget about work pressure and the openness in the environment gives them great opportunity to grow and flourish. The team building exercises that are carried out give employees a lot of time to gel with the mates in a fun way. When people meet in an environment other than offices they discover more about each other. There are talks other than deadlines and projects which are quiet a refreshing. That is what exactly adventure activities do. Adventure sports like rock climbing, rappelling or even strenuous hiking take your mind of general worries of home and family. The sweat and exhaustion is good for your health and mind. Adventure outings are the best way for people who have 9-5 jobs to get away from it and forget about it only to bounce back with a new vigor and bag of ideas.

Effects of Technology on People Essay -- Technology Essays

Does technology affect people or do people affect technology? Technology affects every aspect of our lives, we all use it every day with little thought. People take it for granted, sometimes knowing little about what brought that technology into existence. At the same time older generations have a hard time adopting the new technologies and continue to favor technology they are accustomed. The idea of technology is as old as the human race. To understand technology; first we need a common definition. Technology is anything that makes a task easier for someone or something. There are many different authorities that attempt to answer this question. Quotes, journals, and other various sources lend themselves to the topic of technological evolution as an attempt to answer this big question. There are eight sources that I feel do the best job of answering the question. Sources argue that technology is only effected by us, others suggest that technology affects us. Surprisingly none of my sources suggest that it works both ways. My first artifact is a college thesis by Jane R. Thiebaud titled â€Å"The Effects of Technology on People†. This thesis clearly details how technology affects all aspects of our lives. Ranging from social interactions to medical applications. Thiebaud believes that technology has sped life up, made it impossible for us to keep up with others, and basically pushed us head first onto the hamster wheel of evolution. The rapid evolution of technology has blinded us and that society has created its own downfall. Online interactions remove certain face to face social aspects like body language, which sometimes make it harder to understand the meaning of what has been said (Thiebaud). Technology has decreased our use of ... ...Technology and Human Interaction (2011): 13. Online Archive. 10 May 2014. . Sood, Ashish and Gerard J. Tellis. "Technological Evolution and Radical." Journal of Marketing 69 (2005): 152-168. Online Archive. 11 May 2014. . Thiebaud, Jane R. "Effects of Technology on People: Living F2F Conversation and Social Interaction." Association, Media Ecology. Proceedings of the Media Ecology Association. Vol. 11. 2010. 117-127. Online Archive. 10 May 2014. . Whipps, Heather. How Gunpowder Changed the World. 6 April 2008. Online. 10 May 2014. . Effects of Technology on People Essay -- Technology Essays Does technology affect people or do people affect technology? Technology affects every aspect of our lives, we all use it every day with little thought. People take it for granted, sometimes knowing little about what brought that technology into existence. At the same time older generations have a hard time adopting the new technologies and continue to favor technology they are accustomed. The idea of technology is as old as the human race. To understand technology; first we need a common definition. Technology is anything that makes a task easier for someone or something. There are many different authorities that attempt to answer this question. Quotes, journals, and other various sources lend themselves to the topic of technological evolution as an attempt to answer this big question. There are eight sources that I feel do the best job of answering the question. Sources argue that technology is only effected by us, others suggest that technology affects us. Surprisingly none of my sources suggest that it works both ways. My first artifact is a college thesis by Jane R. Thiebaud titled â€Å"The Effects of Technology on People†. This thesis clearly details how technology affects all aspects of our lives. Ranging from social interactions to medical applications. Thiebaud believes that technology has sped life up, made it impossible for us to keep up with others, and basically pushed us head first onto the hamster wheel of evolution. The rapid evolution of technology has blinded us and that society has created its own downfall. Online interactions remove certain face to face social aspects like body language, which sometimes make it harder to understand the meaning of what has been said (Thiebaud). Technology has decreased our use of ... ...Technology and Human Interaction (2011): 13. Online Archive. 10 May 2014. . Sood, Ashish and Gerard J. Tellis. "Technological Evolution and Radical." Journal of Marketing 69 (2005): 152-168. Online Archive. 11 May 2014. . Thiebaud, Jane R. "Effects of Technology on People: Living F2F Conversation and Social Interaction." Association, Media Ecology. Proceedings of the Media Ecology Association. Vol. 11. 2010. 117-127. Online Archive. 10 May 2014. . Whipps, Heather. How Gunpowder Changed the World. 6 April 2008. Online. 10 May 2014. .

Developmental Stages in Children and Adolscents

Developmental Stages in Children and Adolescents Erica Bass May 7, 2012 Andrew Fletcher PSY 104 – Child and Adolescent Development Developmental Stages in Children and Adolescents In exploring the differences in children and why and how they develop can be quite interesting. There are many different theories that suggest different explanations as to why children develop when they do, whether it is cognitive, socially, mentally, etc. Three very interesting theories are Kohlberg’s moral development theory, Piaget’s cognitive theory and Freud’s psychosexual theory.How does each of these theories pertain to the average child, and can these theories work together? First let us explore three very different theories, the first being Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. Moral development is a major topic of interest in both psychology and education. One of the best known theories was developed by psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg who modified and expanded u pon Jean Piaget's work to form a theory that explained the development of moral reasoning. Kohlberg extended Piaget's theory, proposing that moral development is a continual process that occurs throughout the lifespan.Piaget described a two-stage process of moral development, while Kohlberg's theory of moral development outlined six stages within three different levels, which are outlined below: * Level 1. Preconventional Morality * Stage 1 – Obedience and Punishment – at this stage children see rules as fixed and absolute, they view rules as being important because they avoid punishment * Stage 2 – Individualism and Exchange – at this stage children account for individual points of view and judge actions based on how they serve individual needs * Level 2.Conventional Morality * Stage 3 – Interpersonal Relationships – at this stage the focus is on living up to social expectations and roles. * Stage 4 – Maintaining Social Order  œ at this stage the focus is on following rules and respecting authority * Level 3. Postconventional Morality * Stage 5 – Social Contract and Individual Rights – at this stage people begin to account for different values, opinions and beliefs or other people. Stage 6 – Universal Principles – at this stage people are supposed to uphold the universal ethical principles and abstract reasoning (http://psychology. about. com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/kohlberg. htm) Paiget’s Theory. Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development describe the intellectual development of children from infancy to early adulthood. Piaget believed that children are not less intelligent than adults, they simply think differently. He also proposed a number of concepts to explain how children process information. The three concepts to support Piaget’s theory are: Schemas – Are categories of knowledge that help us interpret and understand the world * Assimilation – The process of taking in new information into our previously existing schema’s * Accommodation – Another part of adaptation involves changing or altering our existing schema’s in light of new information There are also four different stages to Piaget’s theory, which are: * The Sensormotor Stage – This stage last from birth to two years of age and is centered on the infant trying to make sense of the world * The Preoperational Stage – This stage occurs between ages two to six, and is centered on language development * The Concrete Operational Stage – This stage occurs between the ages seven to eleven, and is centered on thinking logically about concrete events, but have difficulty understanding abstract or hypothetical concepts * The Formal Operational Stage – This stage occurs between the ages twelve and last through adulthood, during this time people develop the ability to think about abstract concepts (http://psychol ogy. about. com/b/2008/04/21/key-concepts-in-cognitive-development. htm) Now let’s explore a second theory, Freud’s theory. According to Sigmund Freud, personality is mostly established by the age of five.Early experiences play a large role in personality development and continue to influence behavior later in life. Freud's theory of psychosexual development is one of the best known, but also one of the most controversial. Freud believed that personality develops through a series of childhood stages during which the pleasure-seeking energies of the id become focused on certain erogenous areas. This psychosexual energy, or libido, was described as the driving force behind behavior. If these psychosexual stages are completed successfully, the result is a healthy personality. If certain issues are not resolved at the appropriate stage, fixation can occur.A fixation is a persistent focus on an earlier psychosexual stage. Until this conflict is resolved, the individual will remain â€Å"stuck† in this stage. Freud’s theory consists of five different stages, which are: * The Oral Stage – This stage occurs from birth to one year, the infant’s primary source of interaction is through oral simulation through tasting and sucking. Because an infant it is entirely dependent upon caregivers, the infant develops a sense of trust and comfort through oral simulation * The Anal Stage – This stage occurs from one to three years of age, which is basically training the child to control his/her, bodily needs, toilet training to be specific. The Phallic Stage – This stage occurs from three to six years of age, at this stage children begin to discover the difference between males and females. * The Latent Period – This stage occurs from six to puberty, at this stage the libido interest is suppressed, and the development of the ego and superego contribute to the calm of this stage. This is the time of exploration but is d irected more towards intellectual and social interaction. * The Genital Stage – This stage occurs between puberty and death, this is when an adolescent develops a strong interest in the opposite sex (http://psychology. about. com/od/theoriesofpersonality/ss/psychosexualdev. tm) All of these theories have their way in the world, and when speaking to parents about their children I am sure that they can apply each of these in some shape or form. For example the Kohlberg theory, moral development: Suppose there is a child who has no rules or boundaries. There is one in particular that comes to mind. This child is born, the father is absent, the mother doing it alone, she has issues with alcohol and drugs, so therefore the child gets very little personal attention, or guidance, she is free to do as she wishes. Because of this from birth to adolescence beginning with conventional morality, she does not have rules so, does the Kohlberg theory apply? I would venture to say no, becaus e the ideal of these rules and boundaries being put it to place are not there, and do not happen. This

A Sense of Belonging Comes from Having Connections with...

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